====== Python Virtual Environments with mpi4py ======

Most conda channels include copies of the mpi4py module to satisfy dependencies of MPI-parallelized packages.  But the mpi4py Python code must be built on top of a native MPI library (like MPICH, Open MPI, Intel MPI).  As a result, the conda packages always include a bundled binary MPI library that was built to generic specifications:  often without support for Infiniband communications or Slurm/Grid Engine integration support.  For proper functioning it's recommended that mpi4py always be built on top of one of the MPI libraries IT-RCI provides on a cluster.

===== MPI and Conda Variants =====

In this example we will build the virtual environment on Farber using the ''openmpi/4.0.5'' version of Open MPI and Anaconda for the virtual environment:

<code bash>
$ vpkg_require openmpi/4.0.5 anaconda/5.2.0:python3
Adding dependency `ucx/1.9.0` to your environment
Adding package `openmpi/4.0.5` to your environment
Adding package `anaconda/5.2.0:python3` to your environment
</code>

<WRAP center round info 60%>
On Caviness and DARWIN we would likely choose the Intel distribution selecting a Python 3 version over Anaconda (e.g. ''vpkg_versions intel-oneapi'' or ''intel-python'') since it automatically enables Intel's distribution channel.  That channel includes Numpy built against the Intel MKL library, for example, and other highly-optimized variants of computationally-intensive Python components.

As of November 2020, the majority of packages populating the Intel channel require baseline operating system libraries (like ''glibc'') newer than what Farber provides:  a clear example of the binary compatibility issues that are present in conda software distribution.
</WRAP>

===== Create a Directory Hierarchy =====

We will be creating a Python virtual environment containing Numpy and Scipy libraries into which mpi4py will be added.  In case we will need to create additional similar environments in the future, we will setup a directory hierarchy that allows multiple versions to coexist:

<code base>
$ mkdir -p ${HOME}/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102
</code>

Two things to note:
  * As written the directory hierarchy is created in the user's home directory; ''${HOME}'' could be replaced by ''${WORKDIR}/users/myname'', for example, to create it elsewhere.
  * The current date is used as a version identifier; using the format ''YYYYMMDD'' promotes simple sorting of the versions from oldest to newest.
The directory structure will lend ''my-sci-app'' to straightforward management using VALET.

===== Farber =====

==== Create the Virtual Environment ====

The virtual environment is first populated with all packages that **do not** require mpi4py.  Any packages requiring mpi4py must be installed //after// we build and install our local copy of mpi4py in the virtual environment.  In this example, neither Numpy nor Scipy require mpi4py.

<WRAP center round important 60%>
The two channel options are present to ensure only the default Anaconda channels are consulted -- otherwise the command could still pick packages from the Intel channel, for example, which would still have the binary compatibility issues!
</WRAP>

<code bash>
$ conda create --prefix ${HOME}/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102 --channel defaults --override-channels python'=>3.7' numpy scipy
Solving environment: done
    :
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
    :
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use:
# > source activate /home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use:
# > source deactivate
#
</code>

Before building and installing mpi4py the environment needs to be activated:

<code bash>
$ source activate /home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ 
</code>

==== Building mpi4py ====

With the new virtual environment activated, we can now build mpi4py against the local Open MPI library we added to the shell environment.

<code base>
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ pip install --no-binary :all: --compile mpi4py
Collecting mpi4py
  Using cached mpi4py-3.0.3.tar.gz (1.4 MB)
Skipping wheel build for mpi4py, due to binaries being disabled for it.
Installing collected packages: mpi4py
    Running setup.py install for mpi4py ... done
Successfully installed mpi4py-3.0.3
</code>

The ''--no-binary :all:'' flag prohibits the installation of any packages that include binary components, effectively forcing a rebuild of mpi4py from source.  The ''--compile'' flag pre-processes all Python scripts in the mpi4py package (versus allowing them to be processed and cached later).  The environment now includes support for mpi4py linked against the ''openmpi/4.0.5'' library on Farber:

<code bash>
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ pip list | grep mpi4py
mpi4py      3.0.3
</code>

Additional packages that require mpi4py can now be installed into the environment.

==== VALET Package Definition ====

The new virtual environment can easily be added to your login shell and job runtime environments using VALET.  First, ensure you have your personal VALET package definition directory present:

<code bash>
$ mkdir -p ${HOME}/.valet
$ echo ${HOME}/conda-envs/my-sci-app
/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app
</code>

Take note of the path echoed, then create a new file named ''${HOME}/.valet/my-sci-app.vpkg_json'' and add the following text to it:

<code json>
{   "my-sci-app": {
        "prefix": "/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app",
        "description": "Some scientific app project in Python",
        "standard-paths": false,
        "actions": [
            { "action": "source", "order": "failure-first", "success": 0,
              "script": { "sh": "anaconda-activate.sh" }
            }
        ],
        "versions": {
            "20201102": {
                "description": "environment built Nov 2, 2020",
                "dependencies": [ "openmpi/4.0.5", "anaconda/5.2.0:python3" ]
            }
        }
    }
}
</code>

Please note:
  - The ''prefix'' path will be different for you
  - We do not need to tell VALET the full path to each version; the version identifier **is** the subdirectory or ''prefix'' containing that version
  - If you choose a different version of Open MPI or Anaconda, alter the ''dependencies'' list accordingly
  - New versions of this project are appended to the ''versions'' dictionary:<code bash>
        "versions": {
            "20201102": {
                "description": "environment built Nov 2, 2020",
                "dependencies": [ "openmpi/4.0.5", "anaconda/5.2.0:python3" ]
            },
            "20201114": {
                "description": "environment built Nov 14, 2020",
                "dependencies": [ "openmpi/3.1.6", "anaconda/5.2.0:python3" ]
            }
        }
</code>

=== Using the Virtual Environment ===

The versions of the virtual environment declared in the VALET package are listed using the ''vpkg_versions'' command:

<code bash>
$ vpkg_versions my-sci-app
Available versions in package (* = default version):

[/home/1001/.valet/my-sci-app.vpkg_json]
my-sci-app  Some scientific app project in Python
* 20201102  environment built Nov 2, 2020
</code>

Activating the virtual environment is accomplished using the ''vpkg_require'' command (in your login shell or inside job scripts):

<code bash>
$ vpkg_require my-sci-app/20201102
Adding dependency `ucx/1.9.0` to your environment
Adding dependency `openmpi/4.0.5` to your environment
Adding dependency `anaconda/5.2.0:python3` to your environment
Adding package `my-sci-app/20201102` to your environment
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ which python3
~/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102/bin/python3
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ pip list | grep mpi4py
mpi4py      3.0.3
$ which mpirun
/opt/shared/openmpi/4.0.5/bin/mpirun
</code>

===== Caviness =====

The steps for completing this work on Caviness are similar to those presented for Farber and of course following the first part to [[technical:recipes:mpi4py-in-virtualenv#create-a-directory-hierarchy|create a directory hierarchy]].  We will instead use the Intel Python distribution:

<code bash>
$ vpkg_require openmpi/4.1.4:gcc-12.1.0 anaconda/2024.02
Adding dependency `libfabric/1.13.2` to your environment
Adding dependency `binutils/2.35` to your environment
Adding dependency `gcc/12.1.0` to your environment
Adding package `openmpi/4.1.4:gcc-12.1.0` to your environment
Adding package `anaconda/2024.02` to your environment
</code>

==== Create the Virtual Environment ====

The virtual environment is first populated with all packages that **do not** require mpi4py.  Any packages requiring mpi4py must be installed //after// we build and install our local copy of mpi4py in the virtual environment.  In this example, neither Numpy nor Scipy require mpi4py.

<code bash>
$ conda create --prefix ${HOME}/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102 --channel defaults --override-channels python'=>3.7' numpy scipy
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
    :
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
    :
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate /home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

</code>

Before building and installing mpi4py the environment needs to be activated:

<code bash>
$ conda activate /home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ 
</code>

==== Building mpi4py ====

With the new virtual environment activated, we can now build mpi4py against the local Open MPI library we added to the shell environment. Due to Anaconda trying to use a version of ''ld'' as part of the virtual environment in lieu of the system ''ld'', you need to change the permissions to allow the compile to work properly.

<code base>
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ chmod 000 /home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102/compiler_compat/ld
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ pip install --no-binary :all: --compile mpi4py
Collecting mpi4py
  Using cached mpi4py-4.0.1.tar.gz (466 kB)
Skipping wheel build for mpi4py, due to binaries being disabled for it.
Installing collected packages: mpi4py
    Running setup.py install for mpi4py ... done
Successfully installed mpi4py-4.0.1
</code>

The ''--no-binary :all:'' flag prohibits the installation of any packages that include binary components, effectively forcing a rebuild of mpi4py from source.  The ''--compile'' flag pre-processes all Python scripts in the mpi4py package (versus allowing them to be processed and cached later).  The environment now includes support for mpi4py linked against the ''openmpi/4.1.4:gcc-12.1.0'' library on Caviness:

<code bash>
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ pip list | grep mpi4py
mpi4py      4.0.1
</code>

Additional packages that require mpi4py can now be installed into the environment.

==== VALET Package Definition ====

The new virtual environment can easily be added to your login shell and job runtime environments using VALET.  First, ensure you have your personal VALET package definition directory present:

<code bash>
$ mkdir -p ${HOME}/.valet
$ echo ${HOME}/conda-envs/my-sci-app
/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app
</code>

Take note of the path echoed, then create a new file named ''${HOME}/.valet/my-sci-app.vpkg_yaml'' and add the following text to it:

<code yaml>
my-sci-app:
    prefix: /home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app
    description: Some scientific app project in Python
    flags:
        - no-standard-paths
    actions:
        - action: source
          script:
              sh: anaconda-activate.sh
          order: failure-first
          success: 0
    versions:
          "20201102":
              description: environment built Nov 2, 2020
              dependencies:
                  - openmpi/4.0.2
                  - intel-python/2020u2:python3
</code>

=== Using the Virtual Environment ===

The versions of the virtual environment declared in the VALET package are listed using the ''vpkg_versions'' command:

<code bash>
$ vpkg_versions my-sci-app

Available versions in package (* = default version):

[/home/1001/.valet/my-sci-app.vpkg_yaml]
my-sci-app  Some scientific app project in Python
* 20201102  environment built Nov 2, 2020
</code>

Activating the virtual environment is accomplished using the ''vpkg_require'' command (in your login shell or inside job scripts):

<code bash>
$ vpkg_require my-sci-app/20201102
Adding dependency `libfabric/1.9.0` to your environment
Adding dependency `openmpi/4.0.2` to your environment
Adding dependency `intel-python/2020u2:python3` to your environment
Adding package `my-sci-app/20201102` to your environment
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ which python3
~/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102/bin/python3
(/home/1001/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20201102)$ pip list | grep mpi4py
mpi4py      3.0.3
$ which mpirun
/opt/shared/openmpi/4.0.2/bin/mpirun
</code>

===== DARWIN =====

The steps for completing this work on DARWIN are similar to those presented for Caviness and of course following the first part to [[technical:recipes:mpi4py-in-virtualenv#create-a-directory-hierarchy|create a directory hierarchy]].  We will instead use the Intel oneAPI Python distribution:

<code bash>
$ vpkg_require openmpi/5.0.2:intel-oneapi-2024 intel-oneapi/2024
Adding dependency `gcc/12.2.0` to your environment
Adding dependency `intel-oneapi/2024.0.1.46` to your environment
Adding dependency `ucx/1.13.1` to your environment
Adding package `openmpi/5.0.2:intel-oneapi-2024` to your environment
</code>

==== Create the Virtual Environment ====

The virtual environment is first populated with all packages that **do not** require mpi4py.  Any packages requiring mpi4py must be installed //after// we build and install our local copy of mpi4py in the virtual environment.  In this example, neither Numpy nor Scipy require mpi4py.

<code bash>
$ conda create --prefix ${HOME}/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240307 --channel intel --override-channels python'=>3.9' numpy scipy
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
    :
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
    :
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate /home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240307
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

</code>

Before building and installing mpi4py the environment needs to be activated:

<code bash>
$ conda activate /home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240307
(/home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240307)$
</code>

==== Building mpi4py ====

With the new virtual environment activated, we can now build mpi4py against the local Open MPI library we added to the shell environment.

<code base>
(/home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240307)$ pip install --no-binary :all: --compile mpi4py
Collecting mpi4py
  Downloading mpi4py-3.1.5.tar.gz (2.5 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.5/2.5 MB 16.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: mpi4py
  Building wheel for mpi4py (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Created wheel for mpi4py: filename=mpi4py-3.1.5-cp310-cp310-linux_x86_64.whl size=634821 sha256=78a58c10acd22b3cf2ebf9e73b445d6775ac29f3f59c37e63bd16e27b7467ba2
  Stored in directory: /home/1006/.cache/pip/wheels/18/2b/7f/c852523089e9182b45fca50ff56f49a51eeb6284fd25a66713
Successfully built mpi4py
Installing collected packages: mpi4py
Successfully installed mpi4py-3.1.5
</code>

The ''--no-binary :all:'' flag prohibits the installation of any packages that include binary components, effectively forcing a rebuild of mpi4py from source.  The ''--compile'' flag pre-processes all Python scripts in the mpi4py package (versus allowing them to be processed and cached later).  The environment now includes support for mpi4py linked against the ''''openmpi/5.0.2:intel-oneapi-2024'''' library on DARWIN:

<code bash>
(/home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240307)$ pip list | grep mpi4py
mpi4py             3.1.5
</code>

Additional packages that require mpi4py can now be installed into the environment.

==== VALET Package Definition ====

The new virtual environment can easily be added to your login shell and job runtime environments using VALET.  First, ensure you have your personal VALET package definition directory present:

<code bash>
$ mkdir -p ${HOME}/.valet
$ echo ${HOME}/conda-envs/my-sci-app
/home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app
</code>

Take note of the path echoed, then create a new file named ''${HOME}/.valet/my-sci-app.vpkg_yaml'' and add the following text to it:

<code yaml>
my-sci-app:
    prefix: /home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app
    description: Some scientific app project in Python
    flags:
        - no-standard-paths
    actions:
        - action: source
          script:
              sh: anaconda-activate.sh
          order: failure-first
          success: 0
    versions:
          "20240307":
              description: environment built Mar 7, 2024
              dependencies:
                  - openmpi/5.0.2:intel-oneapi-2024
                  - intel-oneapi/2024
</code>

=== Using the Virtual Environment ===

The versions of the virtual environment declared in the VALET package are listed using the ''vpkg_versions'' command:

<code bash>
$ vpkg_versions my-sci-app

Available versions in package (* = default version):

[/home/1006/.valet/my-sci-app.vpkg_yaml]
my-sci-app  Some scientific app project in Python
* 20240307  environment built Mar 7, 2024
</code>

Activating the virtual environment is accomplished using the ''vpkg_require'' command (in your login shell or inside job scripts):

<code bash>
$ vpkg_require my-sci-app/20240307
Adding dependency `gcc/12.2.0` to your environment
Adding dependency `intel-oneapi/2024.0.1.46` to your environment
Adding dependency `ucx/1.13.1` to your environment
Adding dependency `openmpi/5.0.2:intel-oneapi-2024` to your environment
Adding package `my-sci-app/20240307` to your environment
(/home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240307)$ which python3
~/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240305/bin/python3
(/home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240305)$ pip list | grep mpi4py
mpi4py             3.1.5
(/home/1006/conda-envs/my-sci-app/20240305)$ which mpirun
/opt/shared/openmpi/5.0.2-intel-oneapi-2024/bin/mpirun
</code>